According to the recent CIPD survey, people coming into work when they are ill – also known as presenteeism – has more than tripled since 2010, with 86% of employees admitting they had observed presenteeism in the workplace.
Research by the Centre of Mental shows presenteeism due to mental health alone is estimated to cost the UK economy £15.1bn per annum, compared to £8.4bn per annum for absenteeism. Following the findings, Lucinda Pullinger, global head of HR at Instant Offices explores the reasons why below:
Job security and labour policies are factors
The phenomenon itself is not new. Nonetheless, it has recently become the subject of interest in studies. According to Dr. Cary Cooper of Manchester University, who first used the term, it results from job insecurity brought on by the downsizing and restructuring in the 1990s. When employees believe they are at risk of losing their jobs, they feel an urgency to put in more hours, or at least appear to be working longer.
Variance in global sick days
Based on PWC research, UK workers average 9.1 days off from their jobs due to sickness in a year. Although that is a decrease from previous years, they still take the most number of sick days in the world. In comparison, Western Europe averages 7.3 days, the US takes 4.9 days, and their counterparts in Asia-Pacific take 2.2 days.
Around 90% of UK firms’ absence bill is due to sickness, costing around £29bn a year. The research also confirmed the Centre of Mental health’s claim that mental health conditions are the single most widespread cause of long term absence from the workplace.
The cost of presenteeism
The Centre for Mental Health has stated that presenteeism from mental ill health alone costs the UK economy £15.1bn per annum. They argue that the consensus reached in research is that the cost of presenteeism is larger than that of sickness absence. In the early stages mental illness, health problems often manifest themselves predominantly in the form of increased presenteeism.
This then acts as a strong predictor of future sickness absence. The more presenteeism today will result in more absenteeism tomorrow. This form of loss in productivity is more likely to occur among white-collar workers, particularly professional and executive staff, rather than blue-collar workers.
Naturally, with more interest in the phenomenon by researchers, there are a range of solutions that have been suggested to overcome presenteeism. The best way to address presenteeism is to implement an effective health management strategy that engages employees and supports them in improving their well-being.
Management should go the extra mile
Management policy affects work culture, so it should be used to affect presenteeism. Policies that are put in place to address abuse of sick days can unknowingly encourage presenteeism. So, organisations need to make it clear where they stand on the matter. This can be accomplished by insisting on sending people home to fully recuperate, or encouraging flexible work solutions in times of illness or personal trauma.
With the piqued interests of researchers there’s possibility that we will find more effective solutions to the loss in productivity due to presenteeism and absenteeism.
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